This space available to write a CoreAudio tutorial or add insights. Some areas in which the original poster was interested:
Reading an audio file (actually using QTSoundFilePlayer)
Directing this audio to other AudioUnit (QTSoundFilePlayer, but generating audio outputs, not directed to another kind of AudioUnit)
Move the file reader to a particular time position in the file (QTSoundFilePlayer can do this, but what if I don’t use it)
Drawing an image of the waveform (not really an audio project, but an NSView project)
Apple’s Mac OS X Audio Site
http://developer.apple.com/audio/index.html
Other pages at this site
AudioUnitEditorWindow (has sample code)
MTCoreAudio framework [http://aldebaran.armory.com/~zenomt/macosx/MTCoreAudio/]
MTCoreAudioHelp - example with some progress
XCodeSetupForCoreAudio
HowToRecordSound
CaptureToAudioCodec
ExtAudioFile - Workaround to a bug in the ExtAudioFile-Package
ArkSoundKit - Cocoa wrappers for AudioUnits
Apple source code samples:
http://developer.apple.com/samplecode/CASoundLab2/CASoundLab2.html
Other examples:
http://www.audiosynth.com/sinewavedemo.html (Very simple example for sound generation in CoreAudio; with source )
http://audacity.sourceforge.net is an open source audio editor that may show some useful techniques.
http://borkware.com/rants/sound/ - some more examples, including use of MTCoreAudio framework
http://www.macedition.com/bolts/bolts_20030509.php
http://www.snoize.com/ - Includes example to play a sound file through CoreAudio (using QuickTime); with source